Ichimatsu Pattern (Ichimatsu Mon'yō) is a traditional Japanese checkered pattern that has significantly influenced modern design and fashion. In this blog, we will explore the historical background and origins of the Ichimatsu pattern, as well as its various uses throughout history and into the present day.

Origins and History of the Ichimatsu Pattern

The Ichimatsu pattern originated from checkered designs that existed as early as the Heian period (794-1185) or even earlier. However, it became widely known during the Edo period (1603-1868). The name "Ichimatsu" comes from Sanogawa Ichimatsu, an Edo-period kabuki actor. His distinctive kimono featured this design, which led to its widespread popularity as "Ichimatsu Mon'yō."

Sanogawa Ichimatsu gained attention for his stylish and innovative costume sense. Kabuki at that time was not only a form of entertainment but also a hub of fashion and cultural trends. The black-and-white checkered pattern used in his kimono became an instant hit with the public and spread widely under the name "Ichimatsu pattern."

[Color woodblock print of four kabuki actors by Ishikawa Toyonobu (1750)] Note: The figure on the far right is Sanogawa Ichimatsu.

Design and Symbolic Meaning

The Ichimatsu pattern features a checkered design where squares are arranged vertically and horizontally in a regular pattern. This simple yet powerful design carries symbolic meanings of "continuity," "prosperity," and "growth" in Japan. It is considered an auspicious pattern and is often used on celebratory occasions or when wishing for prosperity. Because of the continuous, uninterrupted design of the Ichimatsu pattern, it is thought to represent "unceasing happiness."

Uses of the Ichimatsu Pattern

Traditionally, the Ichimatsu pattern has been used in kimonos and obis (kimono’s belt) in Japan. During the Edo period, it was particularly popular among the general public. In modern times, Ichimatsu-patterned kimonos and obis can still be seen during special occasions such as coming-of-age ceremonies and weddings. Additionally, it has been used in byoubu (folding screens), kakejiku (hanging scrolls), bedding, and even ceramics as part of Japanese interior decor.

The Ichimatsu pattern has also been incorporated into traditional crafts such as lacquerware, washi (Japanese paper), and pottery, showcasing the distinct beauty of traditional Japanese craftsmanship.

Ichimatsu Pattern in Modern Design

The Ichimatsu pattern has been used in a wide range of fields over the years, not only for traditional purposes but also with a significant impact on modern design. Notably, for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics, the official emblem incorporated the Ichimatsu pattern. Named "Kumi Ichimatsu Mon," this emblem was composed of blue checkered squares. The design symbolized the concept of diverse people from all over the world "coming together as one team." The "continuity" and "unity in diversity" inherent in the Ichimatsu pattern made it an appropriate symbol for the event.

In the fields of fashion and interior design, the Ichimatsu pattern has also been reinterpreted and modernized. For instance, popular brands like Japanese designer labels and Uniqlo have utilized the Ichimatsu pattern in clothing, where its simplicity and strong visual impact make it highly appealing. By incorporating it into casual wear and accessories, the traditional pattern seamlessly blends into modern life, making it a familiar motif.

Furthermore, the Ichimatsu pattern has also found its way into digital design and architecture. The simple structure of the pattern creates a strong visual rhythm, making it a highly regarded design that feels both modern and traditional.

Japanese Landmarks Featuring the Ichimatsu Pattern

The Ichimatsu pattern is also widely used in the architecture and decor of Japanese landmarks and public facilities. Here are a few notable places where you can see it:

1. Katsura Rikyu, Shoukintei Ichinoma
   
   (Source: Imperial Household Agency website https://kyoto-gosho.kunaicho.go.jp/room/3A169)
   Katsura Imperial Villa (Katsura Rikyu) is an imperial residence in Kyoto, famous for its beautiful gardens and architecture that symbolize Japanese culture. One of its most well-known buildings is Shoukintei. In Ichinoma, the interior decorations feature the Ichimatsu pattern, with lattice designs on the walls and sliding doors. This arrangement conveys simplicity and rhythm, creating a sophisticated beauty within a tranquil space. The design harmonizes with the gardens of Katsura, producing a sense of unity throughout the villa.
   
   

2. Tofukuji Temple, Hojo Garden - North Garden, Koiichimatsu
   
   Tofukuji Temple in Kyoto is one of the most famous Zen temples, particularly renowned for its gardens. The Hojo Garden has four distinct gardens, each with its unique landscape. The North Garden stands out with its distinctive design called Koiichimatsu (small Ichimatsu).

   The North Garden's Koiichimatsu pattern consists of a checkered design made with moss and white gravel, harmoniously contrasting the green moss with the white sand. This pattern creates a sense of order and tranquility throughout the garden. Based on Zen aesthetics, the combination of moss and white sand symbolizes "harmony" and "infinite expansion."

   The garden's layout, featuring the straight lines of the Ichimatsu pattern, helps viewers feel a sense of calm and unity with nature. The Hojo Garden at Tofukuji Temple expresses Zen philosophy through its simple yet profound design, offering visitors a peaceful space to reflect and meditate.
   
   

The Future of the Ichimatsu Pattern

The Ichimatsu pattern has long been established as a traditional Japanese design, but its simplicity allows for versatile applications across different fields and eras. Moving forward, it will continue to evolve in fashion, interior design, architecture, and digital content.

As a symbol of Japanese culture and aesthetics, the Ichimatsu pattern will likely remain beloved by many people, bridging tradition and modernity while developing into new forms.